Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a medical therapy used to manage chronic pain, particularly in cases where other treatments have been unsuccessful. It involves implanting a small device under the skin near the spinal cord, which delivers mild electrical impulses to the nerves in the spinal cord. These impulses help block or modify pain signals before they reach the brain, effectively reducing pain perception.

The spinal cord stimulator consists of thin wires, called leads, that are placed in the epidural space near the spinal cord. These leads are connected to a small battery-powered generator, which is usually implanted under the skin in the abdomen or buttock area. The generator produces electrical pulses that stimulate the nerves and interfere with the transmission of pain signals, providing relief to the patient.

SCS is often considered for individuals with chronic pain conditions such as failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathic pain, or ischemic limb pain. Before undergoing SCS, patients typically undergo a trial period during which temporary leads are placed near the spinal cord. If the trial is successful and provides significant pain relief, the permanent spinal cord stimulator system is implanted.

One of the advantages of SCS is its adjustable nature. Patients can control the level of stimulation using a handheld remote control, allowing them to customize their pain relief based on their individual needs and preferences. Additionally, SCS is reversible, meaning that the device can be removed if it is no longer effective or if the patient experiences complications.

While spinal cord stimulation can be an effective option for managing chronic pain, it is not suitable for everyone. Candidates for SCS must undergo a thorough evaluation by a pain management specialist to determine if they are appropriate candidates for the procedure. Potential risks and benefits should be carefully weighed, and patients should be fully informed about what to expect before, during, and after the implantation process.